In Case of Rival Ceramic Metal Halide LED Energy-Saving Products are not Inferior

LED energy-saving products

OFweek saving Reuters : With the rapid development of LED lighting , and how lighting products development prospects ? China Association of Lighting Chen Yansheng , vice chairman and secretary general believes that in the future for a long period of time , the traditional energy efficient lighting products and LED products will coexist . The market share of LED lighting products will gradually increase, but there will be quite a ceramic metal halide product vitality , ceramic metal halide light source is still a hot international research power .

Energy saving by the Beijing Center hosted the " efficient ceramic metal halide lighting energy saving technology will promote the application of " recently held in Haining City, Zhejiang Province . More than 160 people from living Urban Construction Department, the State Energy Conservation Center , China Association of Lighting and other units of the Ministry of Construction to attend the meeting .

According to Shanghai Illuminating Engineering Society , honorary chairman Zhang Hai Cong introduction, ceramic metal halide compared with LED lights, with good color , high comfort , high light efficiency , economy , and easy to replace and so on. This combines the advantages of high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamp in a quartz , high luminous efficiency, good color rendering , long life, light color consistency, in the field of road lighting has broad application prospects.

Lighting Research Institute of Fudan University , Zhejiang Shin Yang Lighting Co., Ltd. Zhu Ting Chang , chief technology experts believe that China 's ceramic metal halide lamp manufacturing technology has reached the international level . He said the city road lighting the benefits of using ceramic metal halide high color rendering index , light color stable , transparent comfort, energy saving , long life.

According to Zhu Ting Chang , at present , has begun using ceramic metal halide in Tianjin , Haining City, Zhejiang Province , Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa , Hubei Yichang City in cities such as street lights , road lighting quality improvement, energy-saving benefits are obvious .
traditional energy efficient

2013 Settled in Chinese LED "Exotic Foreign Monk"

LED lighting

Since the debt crisis, the EU LED lighting demand growth slowed, the development LED lighting industry's vision. 2013 , despite the overseas market began to pick up , but insist the international lighting manufacturers in China this " meat and potatoes" hold nonstop pace intensified plant expansion enclosure . Track this year 's trend of overseas manufacturers to invest in China , we will find that this is no commercial competition smoke have a hope, a chilling sense of urgency can not help but remember with affection :

potential of the huge Chinese market began to enter the
1 " siphon effect" : Philips LED Products Put into Production Base Southwest of Guiyang

Public letter from the City Commission recently informed the public fly Guizhou Semiconductor Lighting Technology Co., projects, namely the Philips LED products production base in the southwest of the first products are expected to be available this month. The project covers an area of ​​210 acres of semiconductor lighting , including standard factory buildings, warehouses , research institutes and other facilities. After completion, the annual output of LED semiconductor lighting 460000 , poles 30000 column . Output this year is expected to achieve 20 million yuan . The city's annual output of 30 million LED sapphire project goes into operation , already have the basic raw material of LED lighting industry. But in the entire LED industry chain, industry, supporting the need for further follow-up , while Philips LED products production base in the southwest of production, it is possible to have a " siphon effect" , attracting more investment in downstream enterprises to build .

2 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Projects Will Be Put into Operation in October in Wuxi

The total investment of 250 million euros OSRAM Opto Semiconductors (China) Co., Ltd. is a major high-tech foreign-funded projects in recent years, the introduction of Wuxi New District , the project has entered the electrical and mechanical equipment installation phase , is expected to put into operation in October this year .

3 Toshiba Invested 180 Million Chinese Lighting Manufacturers to Build Headquarters,to Be Put into The End

Located in Fuzhou Mawei and export processing zones , the Toshiba Lighting ( Fuzhou ) Co., lighting and appliances production and construction project site , two dozen meters hammers come and go roaring to a root canal rammed into the ground . The project is to take place on April auction , started in September , and now has completed 90% of the amount of work pile is expected to be completed and put into operation by the end of next year . The total investment is 180 million yuan , is expected to put into operation after the first year will reach 300 million yuan sales volume , $ 500 million after three years . Toshiba Lighting project covers 45.8 acres , with a total construction area of ​​about 22,770 square meters , the future will mainly produce Toshiba independent research can be used tens of thousands of hours of high -quality , long-life LED lamps, energy saving lamps, as well as having a sensing function according to the environment self-adjusting brightness intelligent fixtures. More

4 Panasonic Force The Chinese Market in 2015 Chinese Accounted for LED Lighting Business Rose 60%

Panasonic Corporation ( Panasonic says under ) between environmental solutions company, Lighting Division , responsible person Masaki City recently revealed that in 2015 , Panasonic LED lighting in the proportion of China should be increased to more than 60% . Inter- City , said Masaki Matsushita strategy in the global lighting market is in Japan to develop high -quality products , in China , its own production plant in India and sold in Asian countries .
Panasonic forecasts , LED general lighting in China, the proportion of the market, from 20% in 2012 , rising to over 50% by 2015 . Masaki said inter-city , Panasonic hopes to seize this opportunity, the next two years will be the Panasonic China 's LED lighting business accounted for up to 60%.
Currently , Panasonic in Shanghai , Henan, Hebei has LED lighting manufacturing plant. Inter- city Masaki said, the annual output value of Panasonic 's lighting business in China is now about 350 million yuan , the proportion of non- residential lighting and residential lighting income 2.5:1 ; 2015 hopes to reach 600 million yuan , and expand the non- residential lighting business. Accordingly , Panasonic lighting products in China will greatly expand sales channels . Inter- city Masaki said , in 2015, Matsushita Lighting stores in China from about 2500 now , to 5000 , expanding from the coastal areas to the secondary and tertiary markets . More

5 . Philips LED Professional Lighting ( Chengdu ) Demonstration Garden Inaugurated

Philips LED Professional Lighting ( Chengdu ) Demonstration Garden in Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone, Western Zone officially completed. This world-class demonstration garden includes a professional LED lighting production base of the world's most advanced and Philips Lighting Application Center . Demonstration garden area of ​​about 40,000 square meters , including a large LED lighting application center and a professional lighting production base ; cumulative investment of 25 million euros. Which Philips Lighting Application Center in Chengdu area of ​​7,000 square meters, displaying outdoors to indoors from Philips , the world's leading lighting and the latest innovative applications ; from the light source to lighting, intelligent lighting control from the overall lighting solutions , where people can Philips enjoy the world's leading lighting technologies and solutions , experience the best lighting application results. Entire center "miniature intelligent city " as its theme , showing amazing lighting effects show through real and intelligent control ; and through advanced LED lighting systems , to create urban residents' daily life scenes ( such as: home, office , hotel , supermarkets , clothing stores , roads, urban landscape , etc. ) , the lighting in the scene unfolded application results visually highlights the lighting in modern urban life in an important role. And through advanced lighting control system, lighting equipment center for the realization of intelligent control and management , so that it presents an excellent visual effects while achieving the most scientific of energy levels , further interpretation of "miniature intelligent city "theme.

In today's economic globalization , competition in the market is no longer geographical or territorial boundaries, but by virtue of technology, price , quality and overall strength advantage flourishing. International companies settled in the Chinese market , while accelerating the fight for market resources , on the other hand also forced local companies to produce a sense of crisis , and promote LED industry to improve the overall level of technology and progress . Domestic LED enterprises should have a sense of crisis , can not be completely "used " or closed " xenophobic " and to learn from foreign strengths in technology and management, while also to learn the proper way to contest their early divergence extend their own extended national brands.

LED Lighting Engineering Lighting Market Segmentation Sing The "Key"

In recent years, changing lighting market, new technologies, new brands emerging,

LED lamp

do not do marketing competition may soon become "cannon fodder." Lamps can be divided according to the different uses household lights and work lights two categories, while the eyes of the public are generally household light fixtures, but in fact works on the entire lighting fixtures have been able to occupy half of the market, and momentum for future development, it is worth lamps corporate intentions to develop products and nurture channels.

Lighting City Determined to Play A Leading Role of Public Works LED Lamp Market

Because LED lighting with low power consumption, small size, long life and other advantages , to be known as the "green light " title , becoming the country of choice for promoting the cause of energy saving products . In recent years the world market performance LED , LED has ushered in a wide range of growth. Unprecedented efforts for the implementation of China's LED powerful, introduced various subsidy policies , and accelerate the transformation of work to promote outdoor LED lighting , LED appeared in the short term so that the explosive growth .

According to industry sources : "In light engineering purchase , as long as a little explanation , the general customers will choose LED lamps on the one hand the environmental aspects of energy performance is indeed impressive , other countries have also put the appropriate policies for LED luminaires . promote , at the same time lighting distribution companies are also actively propagate the advantages of LED lighting . " in the promotion of LED lamps lighting the city Shili more prominent in the engineering building set up LED lamp product area , and annual energy savings in various forms of cultural propaganda activities , such as " recycling waste our energy-saving lamps in Action" public action in various forms to convey the concept of green lighting .

Green Lighting, low-Carbon Energy to Become The Focus of The Hotel industry in Northeast

July 25,2013 by the Hotel Association of Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, hotel

Beijing Lighting Fair

catering Cuisine Association, the Hotel Association of Heilongjiang Province,jointly organized by China Alliance co-hotel project by the Beijing Lighting Fair for the full participation of the third green hotel industry organized by the Northeast secure low-carbon energy Conference and hotel industry works fine management and energy efficiency seminar was successfully held in Shenyang. The event coincided with the Games will be held in the butt, the National Games for the northeast region of travel, accommodation, catering, etc. will be a big event. The event brings together nearly 300 Northeast hotel and catering industry guests. Forum is "green hotel industry low-carbon energy security" as the theme, to explore an important role in intelligent systems including lighting and energy saving in the hotel; transformation of the latest trends to build green hotels and other hot topics. On-site hotel project on behalf of the enthusiastic response, the delegates of the LED lighting industry development and trend also expressed a strong interest, there is a great willingness to go for information.

The meeting to respond positively to the government's latest energy-saving policies to further promote green hotels in Northeast create activities and help the majority of hotel companies cut costs to improve the ability of particular significance. At the meeting, representatives of the hotel industry for the Northeast, "the hotel industry green low-carbon energy security" sufficient consensus in the future construction and renovation projects, will focus on LED lighting and intelligent system management to reduce administrative costs and enhance the customer experience and satisfaction degree direction to focus on. Such as energy efficiency experts, Beijing Olympics security management expert Li teacher, for the "Fine hotel project management and energy efficiency management" issues; international hotel design, hotel construction expert, Ms. Yang, senior Sony, for the "Chinese hotel built and upgraded design aspects "of the topic; Dr. Qinghua University, the U.S. Green Building Council certified GBCI LEED AP, green building and indoor air quality improvement expert, deputy general manager of Beijing Century Technology Co., Ltd. derivative in the earthquake, for the" green hotel building energy management and functions Control the latest technologies and applications, "explained. Green Swiss Hotel Properties Limited and platinum present on behalf of the person responsible for the marketing department detailing the Northeast Greenland platinum Swiss top-end super-star hotel projects and green commercial real estate projects, so that everyone on the project characteristics and long-term planning has been further understand ......

For LED lighting manufacturers, the hotel is an enormous market. The hotel only 24 hours illumination lights, room, lobby, conference facilities, garden, wall, etc. also have brightness and performance requirements, some of which are more energy-efficient hotel task. According to the developers, the hotel is walking in the lead, many hotels are also LED and green concept positioning. Found from this forum, I personally feel the Northeast Hotel on energy and LED lighting concerns, their needs are very great, no doubt is a major LED deep end application market.

"Beijing Lighting Fair" followed the pace of market development, and insight into the needs of buyers, subdivision application section, on the success of 2013 on 14-16 April 2014 China will continue to work with the hotel project co-sponsored 2014 China Hotel Alliance Project Management Forum and the China Hotel metalworking Awards, will be invited to participate in one of the country's hotel industry, learn more about hotel lighting applications and energy conservation, and set a model hotel rooms, allowing viewers to feel real products.

Northern Lighting Market Continues to Bang, three Million Square Meters Will Be Built in Changchun LED Industrial Park

As the market continues to bang the north, beginning this year, LED has to pick

up the scene, pioneering companies have stepped up the layout. In strong support of the policy, the North Hi-tech Park,LED Industrial Park has become a rising star, has attracted the attention of many well-known enterprises.

September 14, 2013 in the afternoon, by the China Illuminating Engineering Society sponsored the "2013 China Lighting Forum" was held in Zhongshan Xiaolan, compared sponsored by the Changchun National High-tech Industrial Development Zone Management Committee, Changchun National High-tech Zone in association with China Illuminating Engineering Society Semiconductor industry base project promotion was held in Zhongshan Xiaolan. Conference Secretary-General Chengzhang Chen Jilin Illuminating Engineering Society, chaired the meeting during a full analysis of the current situation and development of the industry, the Changchun municipal development advantages of LED lighting industry, and deputy director of the Changchun High-tech Industrial Development Zone Management Committee Chengfu Liu speech at the meeting, cordially invite entrepreneurs, field trips, invest.

Northern market size advantage is huge. Expected to "second five" late, Changchun City will achieve an annual output of 3 million automobile, rail passenger 3000, high-speed rail EMU target 2000, which led not only to accelerate the development of upstream and downstream businesses, but also for new materials, New Energy and optoelectronic information industry (LED lighting, display products) provide a huge market space. Overall, Jilin Province, the LED market size, including lights, street lighting, landscape lighting will reach 100 billion yuan, the total market size of the Northeast region will reach 500 billion yuan; five countries of Northeast Asia LED lighting, midstream products huge demand, LED industry development space is very broad.

Policy support is obvious. Changchun municipal government issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the development of strategic emerging industries", Changchun High-tech Zone to develop a "Several Opinions on Accelerating the development of LED industry," for high-quality LED industry projects, the implementation of a proposed, in the land be, financing, tax incentives and other aspects of key support; tech Zone and Provincial Investment Group co-founded the EMC contract energy management company, has been approved by the Changchun municipal government agreed to give high-tech zones settled LED outdoor lighting manufacturers to support market areas; tech Zone 100 million yuan to set up a strategic emerging industry development fund to support the development of LED industry; first started in the Northeast, "SAR personnel" building, took 100 million yuan of funds each year, focusing on the LED industry leading talent tilt.

"Sleepy East Coast of The Pearl River Channel with LED Lighting Business Solution" Forum

On this forum, big lighting all media chairman Hongbo Cai first speech, analyzes

forum site

the current market LED lighting companies to explore the existence of three channels mentality, a comprehensive introduction to the big business media, lighting the whole plate, and officially released at the meeting the "2013 China LED lighting industry channels Development Report." Meanwhile, general manager of sales and marketing company in Hong Kong Adsale Exhibition Jingxian Du site also details the 2014 Beijing Lighting Fair, as the north's largest professional lighting show, the new positioning of Beijing Lighting Fair featured positioning, and China Illuminating Engineering Society and the National Semiconductor Lighting Project R & D and Industry Alliance to join organized to create an effective trading platform. Subsequently, Shenzhen Semiconductor Lighting Industry Development Association Enzhong Bao Secretary-General, the Secretary General Semiconductor Lighting Industry Association Zhongshan  Qiao-ling Tu, Bao'an District, Shenzhen Semiconductor Lighting Industrial Technology Innovation Alliance Deputy Secretary-General Liang  Chen and conferences will also be held to congratulate.

Discussion in the dialogue session, many guests on "LED lighting channel construction and development" to express their views. As general manager Ng Zhe billion light illumination, general manager of marketing centers Jiliang Lin Linsen lighting, lighting, general manager of Guangzhou, Guangdong, Zhiren Zhang fertile ground on the optical tube Fu Rong ,Yao  Tao pregnant cite broadcast lighting, large photovoltaic Zhang Nan Sheng, Zhu Zhou Huayuan lighting, Auman Lighting Ho Fung, Hua Xu Wensong St. lighting, lighting Lew Yi Ning Liang, Jiawei lighting ROCKETS, respectively, shared their views and ideas in the field of channels, companies have responded.

Lighting Fair 2014 Beijing to Join A Large Lighting Total Media:Into The Exhibitors And Business Needs

December 5, 2013, a large illuminated all media teamed Beijing Lighting Fair 2014

in Shenzhen Mission Hills Golf Hotel held a "storm of the Pearl River East Coast LED lighting business channels with solution" forum, from Shenzhen, Dongguan, Huizhou, Foshan, Zhongshan and other places more than 100 industry professionals attended the meeting. LIGHTING all media chairman Cai Hongbo, 2014, general manager of sales and marketing company Beijing Hong Kong Adsale Exhibition of Lighting Fair organizers Dujing Xian, Wu Zheng Zhe, general manager of Shanghai billion light illumination Management Limited, General Manager Marketing Center Lin Jiliang Linsen lighting, Guangdong Lighting Appliance Co., Ltd., general manager Zhang Zhi Ren Wo, Zhuhai broadcast Tao, Chairman Yao Huai flat lighting and other guests attend and give a speech.

Winning the terminal, the channel is king. China LED lighting industry after years of development, the power of the channel gradually. Currently, many companies will channel LED lighting as one of the important work of building the company, to promote the development and maintenance of LED lighting channel outlets. It is foreseeable that in 2014, China's LED lighting industry channels will enter more confusion, more intense competition stage. In this situation, Beijing Lighting Fair focus on business needs, will join the major domestic lighting industry as the major media, all media, using its own powerful influence and appeal, organized debate about the most important channels in China producing LED The forum is confused LED enterprises doubts.

Determine the Future Success of The Supply Chain

"Customer pursuit,not just a low price, but the highest value.How to create the packaging industry,equipment,skidder , applications have their own unique value chain and profit model. Whether it is successful manufacturers, agents , must be experts in the industry . Understand the industry , understand the industry rules, this is a very important indicator of competition .

LED packaging equipment

highest value,to provide customers with good products in addition to our own innovation,supply chain brings invaluable ." Liu said ,

LED industry now has the lowest manufacturing cost to the limit, how to change ? Liu believes that , first, the integration of internal resources ; innovative second product ; Third , supply chain collaboration. Future market , real competition between enterprises is not actually competing , but competing vendors and suppliers , supply chain and supply chain. Supply chain to deliver value chain, value chain so that all the business and create value.

" Determine the best partners to ensure maximum supply chain efficiency , so that the water flow outside the enterprise association , corporate purchasing, production has become through the chain, so as to solve the problem between the client and the production , which opened just like any martial arts Governor two veins . " Liu said that the role of the supply chain of the enterprise value generated is enormous and irreplaceable . Corporate income accounted for half of the supply chain , and even more . Grass surface from the supply chain to analyze , how to control costs, reduce costs, enhance their own competitiveness. 60% of the variable cost business , namely liquidity , dominated by the institutions of foreign policy-making . Supply chain concept, from the second tier supplier to the first tier suppliers to the wholesale , distributors , customers, the supply chain inside, 60% of the capital is the external decisions. Logistical overhead , mainly transport, storage costs of products, logistics management, warehousing costs. These are the costs involved in the supply chain to the inside . Lowest supply chain , there is still a huge business opportunity.

Jianbo Ye from how to make a good supply expounded the importance of enterprise supply chain , consider purchasing platform must be mature, which is very particular skills in the semiconductor , while supporting the need for specialized venture company to develop together .

Bin thinks that if the technology is mature , then lighting prices also decreased by 25 %. But do not rely on absolute price fell together to achieve the most cost reduction , significant effort is now spent on the structure , rather than in the light above . Overall, the future changes in the market , certainly has its own strength.

Play Good Package of LED

What kind of packaging companies be successful enterprise,Jiansheng Li thinks

LED packaging equipment

happy business is ranked first.The business idea,its technology,products are guaranteed,which is the corporate survival. Lead,playing for a long time, been recognized by the market,which is the foundation of a successful six combined enterprise.

Currently a large number of packaging companies have been involved in the lighting business, while a large number of lighting companies to buy packaging equipment,also producing its own parts.Jiansheng Li believes that to achieve the best value for money, it is necessary professional people doing professional things.

"Whether it is being installed in, flip, good value for money is the key now is to analyze all the analysis stage only, at least three to five years,the situation will be widespread presence."Jiansheng Li said that in the long term, new structures,new technologies will be endless.

LED Lighting Midstream Opportunities for Supply Chain Under Reconstruction

"LED has four key technology:epitaxial materials,chip design,fluorescent

LED lighting

materials,packaging is closely related to a fluorescent material,packaging and packaging midstream industry."Xuejun Zhou package morphogenesis think a very big change and this change is constantly extend them.Future package,all packaging factory in the upper reaches of the product is not thought out,but according to the needs of downstream customers , the need for performance,the need for cost- developed .

Xuejun Zhou said it is also changing lighting needs and this demand is also subtly influence in the upper reaches.Lighting on both sides of the original lighting, lighting from top to bottom.But now the space lighting,3D lighting, retroactive up,a lighting device is necessary to change the light color also occurs in a very compact small environment,this requires more compact lamps.It is part of the replacement stage , the second stage integrated into the illumination area.The third stage is towards intelligent direction.

On competition between domestic and foreign upstream industries,Xuejun Zhou believes that competition can not escape this technology, cost, size, speed and talent on.Of course, this competition is competition ethical and intellectual property protection.

LED Packaging Companies in The Market Positioning Strategy

"LED package, the future will vary from the lighting is concerned, due to the

LED lighting 

development of technology, the evolution of the market, there will be integration and change , which can not be very simple,like the traditional sense of the upstream division,midstream and downstream ."Guowei Xiao  as a representation of the upstream suppliers, will not do LED lamps.We will be closely LED lamps loyal partner in the future .

Guowei Xiao thinks that the whole future development, in 2020 , especially before 2017 , with the push of technology, packaging technology prices will continue to decline. In the next few years , LED chip packaging technology, the next few years with white LED chip packaging technology will be integrated technology evolution and vertical integration . These techniques become directly affect the LED Board product form, performance indicators, digital, intelligent,application, significant differences . The importance of system integration have become increasingly prominent.The relationship between the so-called midstream, downstream , upstream will eventually become such a smile curve , the upstream device will become part of the supply.Midstream is assembled lamps , lighting design is the downstream channel , the system design .

Packaging companies in terms of the two channels,one to do the upstream epitaxial chip and second,downstream,making lamps.But part of the package is not going to disappear and in the process will evolve through a number of updated features occur.

"LED technology vertical integration of the industry itself,but also through cross-industry,cross-disciplinary integration to achieve industrial leap, get rapid development ."Guowei Xiao  expressed optimism that the new LED lighting systems,LED lighting products the next 3-5 years will gradually integrate digital,intelligent systems , intelligent lighting, will create a huge market beyond the traditional lighting.

Third LED Engineering Conference 2013: Supply Chain Reconstruction Era of LED Lighting

Since the beginning of this year, LED lighting end-market demand for rapid

improvement,lighting companies generally capacity utilization close to saturation. But also led to the middle reaches of the chip, package, part of the rapid increase of capacity utilization, the overall trend in the industry for the better.

But there are also many problems and reflection, both "quality gates" are frequent mapping out the quality of LED lighting war, but also the capital of a listed company maneuvers, channels Running triggered vicious competition in the industry; also has corporate bankruptcy, the boss ran Road sector brought shock and vigilance.

In addition to regulating the quality of end-market products, how to build efficient, and improve supply chain system and cost become the core competitiveness of enterprises to establish their key strengths.

Especially in recent years LED industry changes quickly, all aspects of the supply chain, supply and demand and price changes into focus issues of particular concern to the LED business.

The morning of November 26, 2013 Engineering Conference "Supply Chain Strategy" concert in Guangzhou World Trade Expo debut, including members of the G20 summit of domestic and foreign enterprises, including more than 500 LED enterprises CEO and industry business representatives on how heavy the era of LED lighting applications Structure of supply chain upstream and downstream industry chain to strengthen cooperation and other issues were discussed in depth exchanges.

Engineering LED CEO Dr. Zhang Xiaofei, said any company, it is the whole part of the supply chain system which, it must have its upstream, downstream, must have its partners and competitors, enterprises should pay attention to their customers, a products, to improve the competitiveness of foreign products, the customer's point of view, to have the product value. Customers to buy your product, not just a function, nor is it to buy your technology, product value is a comprehensive. Cover price, brand, services and differentiated features.

 "A lot of the collapse of the company, on the one hand is not done in the supply chain system at his busy production day, every day is above the lower prices, and never find their core partners." Dr. Zhang Xiaofei think, supplier quality, material, Accessories, determine your final product yield, do not have a good supply chain system, do not know the upper and lower supplier does not know how to handle this relationship, so that businesses can not succeed.

Guowei Xiao,general manager of electronic Director, Philips Lumileds Asia Marketing Director Zhou Xuejun, LI Jian-sheng, chairman of CDH technology, ambitious electronic packaging company chairman Liu on location, in the upstream business development and how to make the supply chain delivered a keynote speech, and with Chen Bin, general manager of Dragon transportation, general manager of Hang Wei Ye Jianbo and other guests to send a roundtable dialogue.

G20-LED industry chain summit of member enterprises, need a valid pass from the

bottom end of market demand and supply chain based on strategic considerations, the depth of cooperation to form a stable down the supply chain.

G20-LED summit member companies will take advantage of G20-LED lighting product specifications and CLEAR plans two invisible hand, in the channel, the unit owners and the consumer level to establish the market benchmark. And from the chip, the device to key parts and materials, and then let the market lighting products redefine implicit trust products "standard."

LED by a member of the lighting business, the use of the middle reaches of the member companies of complementary products (chip, phosphor, the device substrate, power supply, etc.), December 31, 2013 in the bulb, straight tube lights, spotlights , downlights, panel lights made category reached G20-LED lighting product specification a model for lamps.

LED Epitaxy And LED Chip Areas

Domestic LED chip companies two years ago to go very hard, this year's overall market

improves, the future market prospects will be better and better.

In terms of technology, domestic LED chip has gradually reached the level of Taiwan-based chip plant, but Japanese and Korean chip technology companies still some distance, mainly reflected in the next generation of LED epitaxial silicon technology reserves.

In terms of market structure, market position of domestic chip manufacturers basically decided, from the past to follow the foreign manufacturers to focus on their own now gradually accumulated technology and innovation, especially in the larger LED epitaxial silicon research and development of new technology advances. At the same time, the next generation of LED epitaxial silicon technology direction is not clear, but also to the future market competition brings some uncertainty. Upstream LED epitaxial chip industry is still in new materials, new technology-driven phase of the market.

In terms of the competitiveness of enterprises, with the gradual docking with conventional semiconductor technology in recent years, LED technology, the chip will be in a gradual increase in the efficiency of the channel, while the control unit cost becomes increasingly critical. Especially in chip prices continue to decline inevitable in the context of how the reasonable control of production costs and the adoption of new materials, new technology to enhance the effectiveness of cooperation will be the key factor.

The overall strength of competition in the era of chip companies has come, the current Tongfang also strengthen internal cost control, staff efficiency to improve overall operating efficiency. Meanwhile, the chip industry will be in the future market demand segmentation of the state, does not highlight the scale of the second-tier chip companies still have a chance.

LED chip size will become smaller and smaller, light efficiency continues to improve, especially in the power lighting market will become mainstream.

Quhuan Shen: Sapphire Material Promising

LED optoelectronic

November 25, 2013 Engineering and LED Lighting Fair 2013 held in conjunction with LED Engineering Conference-CTO concert in Guangzhou Poly World Trade Museum, the 5th Conference Room D opened the curtain, electronic Directors and Dr. Xiao Guowei chaired the General Manager meeting.

Council under the LED industry chain , the lower four special, which has two special midstream . Conference invited well-known in the LED industry chain enterprises CTO and industry executives to share the latest cutting-edge technology and to be guests on to discuss technology trends , and downstream .

November 25 afternoon, CTO Conference first day through special focus on high-tech group title "Chip and equipment and materials" were discussed. Product Director Shen Qu Huan first to "Sapphire Material promising" as the theme of a speech he believes will be the trend of large-size substrate.

Quhuan Shen noted that the large size of the substrate can produce more chips in each MOCVD , so the use of large-size sapphire substrate is one of the primary means to reduce the cost of LED chips . Due to the presence of LED chip edge invalid area, so the larger the diameter , the more apparent than with the number of chips in diameter than the advantages. " To six inches of the substrate , for example, 9 times the surface area of ​​the substrate is 2 inches , the number of chips is 10.9 x 2 inches of the substrate ."

LED Sapphire Substrate

Sapphire (Al2O3, the English called Sapphire) is made of gallium nitride (GaN) epitaxial main substrate material

sapphire substrate

emitting layer, GaN can be used to produce ultra-high brightness blue, green, blue-green, white LED. 1993 Nichia (Nichia) developed a gallium nitride (GaN) as a material for blue LED, with MOVPE (metal organic vapor phase epitaxy) epitaxial technology, can produce high-brightness blue LED. 

Alumina composition sapphire (A12O3) is composed of three aluminum atoms and two oxygen atoms covalently binding type crystal structure of hexagonal crystal structure with the sapphire optical penetrate a wide range from the near UV (190nm ) to have a very good mid-infrared transmittance, and have loud-speed, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high hardness, high melting point (20,452 degrees C), etc., often as optoelectronic component materials. On the ultra-high brightness white / blue LED GaN epitaxial quality depends (GaN) material quality, so the quality of the sapphire substrate surface finish used on sapphire (single crystal A12O3) C plane and III-V and II- VI of the lattice constant mismatch between the film deposition rate is small, consistent with GaN epitaxial process temperature requirements, so the production of the sapphire substrate becomes white / blue / green LED of the key material. 

Sapphire blue LED crystal grains of the material long cut from sapphire crystal rod is made of sapphire crystal rod is aluminum oxide (Al2O3) single crystal as a basis for long crystal, crystal pulling method adopted foster growth, nurturing approach because each Different manufacturers have different purity parameters. 

Sapphire Dan Changjing technology is not yet unified, multi-key technology from the United States, Japan, Russia and vendor master, which the United States and Japan have reservations for crystal growth technology that is difficult to obtain key technologies from other countries, so the Taiwanese manufacturers technology mainly from Russia. Is to Chaishi pulling method (CZ) crystal growth and the Kjeldahl method (KY) as a mainstream technology, one of the most mature and most mainstream KY method, the drill rate of 40-42%, the 28 kg boules terms long grain it takes about 10 days time, and 65 kg of need 12-14 days, large kg of boules is not required to spend time much higher, but there is yield intractable problems. 

Sapphire Crystal Growth Method Used

1.Czochralski crystal pulling method ( referred to as CZ method ) :The raw

sapphire crystal

material is melted into molten metal is heated to the melting point , and then use molten metal contacting surface of the single sapphire crystal on the seed crystal and the molten metal due to the temperature difference between the solid-liquid interface cold forming , so the molten metal starts to solidify and the growth surface of the seed crystal and a single crystal seed crystal , the same crystal structure of the seed crystal while pulled up at a slow speed , and to a certain rotational speed , gradually solidified molten metal in the grain the kind of liquid-solid interface , forming an axis of symmetry of the single crystal ingot .

2.Kjeldahl crystal growth method ( referred KY method ): Similar to the original CZ method , the raw material is heated to the melting point melted into molten metal , then the seed of a single crystal surface exposed to molten metal in seed soup with melted solid-liquid interface and begin to grow a single crystal seed crystal having the same crystal structure , the seed crystal pulled up at a slow rate , but the formation of the seed crystal is pulled up the neck , the solidification rate of molten metal of such seed stable interface after the seed that is not pulled , do not rotate , so that only a single crystal controlled cooling rate down gradually solidified from above freezing for the entire single crystal ingot.

Sapphire Substrate Subdivision

1.C-Plane sapphire substrate:The most widely used, mainly for sapphire crystal

sapphire crystal

growth along the C axis mature technology, low cost, stable physical and chemical properties, so the C plane carried epitaxy technology is more mature and stable.

2.R-Plane or M-Plane of the sapphire substrate:Mainly used for growing nonpolar/semipolar GaN epitaxial film surface, in order to improve the luminous efficiency. Usually the sapphire substrate, an epitaxial film is grown along the C-axis, C-axis polar axis of GaN, GaN will occur in the quantum well active layer, a strong built-in electric field, resulting in lower emission efficiency, a nonpolar plane GaN epitaxial film may overcome this problem.

3.Patterned sapphire substrate (referred to as PSS):To grow or etching on the sapphire substrate designed to produce nano-scale microstructure pattern specific rules in order to control the output of the LED light in the form, and can also reduce the growth on sapphire substrates dislocations between GaN and improve the epitaxial quality and enhance the quality of LED internal efficiency, increase the light extraction efficiency.

LED Substrate Material Selection

Blue LED crystal growth can be sapphire and silicon carbide (SiC) as a substrate material, because the high price of

 sapphire substrate

silicon carbide substrate, so the production of GaN-based light emitting diodes, more commonly applied to the sapphire substrate. Sapphire substrate with cheap, high hardness, high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion properties, but low thermal and electrical properties, the LED poor performance, but because of the low-power LED thermal limited, so sapphire substrate at low power market advantage. 

Since the sapphire substrate itself is not electrically conductive, thus InGaN grown on the sapphire substrate above the element electrodes are fabricated using the element must be on the same side, and the SiC substrate may be electrically conductive, so do the two electrodes of the LED edge, the grains size can be reduced, thus reducing the cost of grain, making it easier to package. 

LED substrate material selection, the main consideration is that the degree of similarity of the epitaxial layer material on the substrate lattice mismatch and thermal expansion coefficient with the substrate, defects in the epitaxial layer as long as the lattice parameter of the substrate material and the matching degree is higher, the epitaxial layer is produced fewer. A high degree of lattice constant matching SiC substrates, more suitable for the production of GaN epitaxy, and SiC substrates in addition to the degree of lattice matching sapphire substrate is better than the outside, because the SiC semiconductor material itself, suitable for use in semiconductor processing technology processing, thus using semiconductor fabrication processes, the geometry of the silicon carbide substrate is treated to reduce the phenomenon of total internal reflection of light in the grains, the grains that the extraction efficiency can be greatly improved. 

LED's characteristics and LED's manufacturing method

LED has a long life, low power consumption, high luminous efficiency advantages, lighting and LED TV backlighting

LED lamp

applications more common. 

There are a variety of white LED manufacturing method, one for the blue LED chip coated with yellow phosphor, two on the blue LED chip coated with green and red phosphors, the three, the use of red, yellow and green tricolor LED chip mixed to form white light, four in the violet or ultraviolet LED chip coated or more of three primary color phosphors. 

Used for general lighting white LED, is the principle of high-brightness blue wavelength of 445 ~ 475 nm LED excitation YAG yellow phosphor, blue and yellow are complementary use of shade, mixing a high-brightness white light, while the production of white LED; another There the wavelength 430 ~ 350 nm UV excitation of red, green, and blue phosphors to generate white light LED approach.年 2008 LED lights around the proportion of the global lighting market is only about 2%, to 2012, the global market size of the global LED lighting market will reach 4% -5%. 

LED to replace CCFL LCD backlight is the trend, coupled with a drastic fall in LED and backlight using fluorescent powder blue + RG approach than in the past to use RGB color white hybrid approach greatly reduces the cost to drive LED TV to grow, according to Displaysearch analysis, 2009 LED LCD TV market penetration of about 3% to over 10% penetration rate in 2010, the future penetration will rise year by year. 

2010 Sapphire stock prices caused by the reasons is that the permeability NB, TV, monitor backlight quickly pulled up, and almost all with blue backlight LED plus phosphor grains as white backlight, resulting in blue rising demand for LED applications. 

Status of The Sapphire Substrate

In 2008 the amount of global sapphire substrate 2 one million, to October 2009

sapphire substrate

monthly amount reached 1.5 million.

Global sapphire substrate size to 2 inches highest proportion of Taiwanese manufacturers are thus based, while Japanese companies are mostly 3-inch, Korean firms are a considerable proportion of 4 inches, due to the fourth quarter of 2010 a considerable proportion of the 4-inch MOCVD machine to be delivered, will result in 4-inch board stock.

4-inch MOCVD crystal growth process has led to fragmentation rate tends to curl problem, but has been gradually overcome, expected in 2010 will be four-inch increase in the proportion of products phenomenon.

TRI statistics, 2010 LED TV market penetration rate of 20.3%, to 2014 is expected to reach 100 percent penetration, and LED-backlit LCD TV shipments increased to 260 million units in 2014. In terms of an LED-backlit LCD TV sets need 300-500 pcs LED projections, by 2014, the global TV backlight will need to use about 78 billion -1300 one hundred million LED, which is needed 710-1180 MOCVD machine has sufficient . 2010 global new MOCVD machine number of 720 units, an increase of 232% compared to 2009, while in 2010 the global number of new units MOCVD machine will eat more than the global demand for LED-backlit TV nearly 70 percent, with South Korea, Taiwan and China add up to machines, accounting for 36% of the total added respectively, 32% and 26%.

Taiwan's top five LED grain plants, Pan Jing Power Group to expand production capacity by integrating, in 2010 the number of MOCVD machine pan Epistar Group of 291 units, a leading, global Epistar 2011 new machine will then continued to increase, is expected to drive the upstream sapphire substrates and other materials ingot tight supply and demand. South Korea's Samsung and Taiwan LED makers Epistar, Formosa Epitaxy, Canton Ga, Thai Valley, etc., and China LED factory has expansion plans. Lu plant also includes Xiamen Sanan, Shanghai Sapphire, emblem of Swaziland, crystal energy, BYD, BDO Runda. According to research firm estimates that the continent in 2009 to purchase more than 200 sets of MOCVD machine, switchboard number of units to grow 1.5 times more than in 2008, the new machine is expected to come on stream in late 2010 to 2011.

2009 global LED sapphire substrate was $ 150 million value, estimated 2013 value of up to $ 392 million, 2005-2013 compound annual growth rate of 19%, mainly used in Asia as the region of the sapphire substrate, Taiwan's largest Youyi accounting for 46% of demand weighed, Korea accounted for 28%, Japan 17%.

2010 first quarter, the sapphire substrate proportion accounted for epitaxial plant costs about 10% growth in the second quarter to 14 percent, rose sharply Q3, making the sapphire substrate accounts for 15% to 20% of the adjusted cost ratio, 4Q continued price hikes, Cost proportion of about 20% to 30%.

Taiwan LED market size, 2-inch sapphire substrate specifications to estimate, in 2010 sapphire substrate with about 9 1000000-1 thousand ten thousand. Estimated in 2011 the world will have more than 1,400 sets of MOCVD, sapphire crystal rod demand is about 2300 ~ 24000000 mm demand.

Third G20-LED 2nd CEO Summit Meeting Guangzhou LED Upstream Future Dialogue

The third G20-LED 2nd CEO summit meeting was successfully held in Guangzhou on November 24, 2013. We focus on

LED light

"Drive Lighting the Future" is the theme of the discussion. 

The second CEO meeting was the development of LED lighting industry to a critical point of a landmark meeting. Meanwhile, thanks again for the full participation of member companies and thoughtful work done by the contractor meetings and support. 

Soon to be over in 2013, LED lighting end-market demand from the beginning to enter the rapid increase channel capacity utilization lighting companies generally close to saturation. But also led to the capacity utilization in the upstream chip, package links quickly upgrade the overall market trend in the industry for the better. 

According to the think tank summit G20-LED - LED Engineering Research Institute (GLII) report released in the fourth quarter of this year, the overall LED industry output will grow by about 20%, while the annual output value of LED interior lighting will be increased by 110 last year %. Expected to next year, although the LED interior lighting output base in year after year, but output growth will remain at around 60%. 

The CEO meeting, the leaders and representatives of member companies on their respective segments of the market performance of the first three quarters, the pattern changes and the development trend of the industry in 2014 to do an in-depth exchanges and discussions. 

The CEO meeting, the members of the business leaders and representatives also discussed how the LED lighting market is under chaotic pattern of self-regulation by the industry, plans to take full advantage of this platform to the terminal CLEAR lighting market formation "invisible" specification.

Upstream LED Chip Equipment in The Field

Market competition gradually to performance, technology competition transition from price competition

LED chip

in the past, and for businesses, new technology and differentiated positioning devices will become a major trend in the field of market differentiation equipment. 

Domestic equipment to compete, not only reflected its strengths from the price, the technology and quality of products must be competitive. Currently, the North has become one of the high-end microelectronic device manufacturers to China one of the few able to achieve profitability. 

ICP etcher, ITO-SPUTTER sputtering equipment and other high-end epitaxy and LED chip equipment is becoming the breakout point of domestic equipment, from leading-edge technology enables continuous tracking, to constantly introduce new products, to achieve profitability and to achieve sustainable development .

LED Sapphire Substrate Areas

Market has gradually out of the past two years prices have continued to fall oversupply situation, especially by the

sapphire substrate

downstream extension of the chip industry's capacity utilization improved rapidly, sapphire substrate price is picking up in the first three quarters of this year. 

Meanwhile, based on the high-end PSS substrate process equipment and technology requirements are very high, and the majority of domestic enterprises with limited hardware processing conditions, next year will be even more obvious sapphire market polarization. In addition, with LED epitaxial chip companies gradually shift from the past 2 inches to 4 inches and other craft larger, the sapphire substrate market will be affected by this drive, market opportunities and competitive focus will gradually shift to large-sized field. 

Market volatility sapphire industry is still in the stage of many factors, the sapphire substrate enterprises should be cautious expansion, stable performance and quality of their products, a good grasp of the market rhythm.

Sapphire Materials for Infrared Transparent Window

infrared transparent window materials

800 years,the British astronomer Herschel first discovered infrared radiation.

1)Mechanical strength : infrared transparent window material should have sufficient strength to withstand the high speed movement of the pressure load ;

2)Thermal stability: the infrared transparent window material should be subjected to high aerodynamic heating and thermal shock caused by the change , the transmittance and the refractive index changes with temperature should be a significant change occurs;

3)Chemical stability: infrared transparent window material is exposed to the air, the air should be able to prevent the salt solution or etching gas corrosion , and difficult to deliquescence ;

4)High optical transmittance , must be able to efficiently transmit the ultraviolet to the infrared radiation ;

5)Good optical properties, optical scattering of small and good uniformity index;

6)To meet the requirements of large-size window.

Although today there are hundreds of species of certain bands of infrared radiation through optical materials , but can have both optical properties and can withstand harsh environments infrared transparent window material , but very few . Commonly used infrared transparent window has zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc selenide(ZnSe), gallium arsenide (GeAs), sapphire (Sapphire), spinel (Spinel), alumina, aluminum nitride (ALON), yttrium oxide,(Yttria), magnesium oxide (MgO), diamond , magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and so on .Zinc sulfide, zinc selenide , gallium arsenide in the 8-12μm.Band has good permeability,but the high temperature chemical decomposition occurs lost performance. Diamond has excellent mechanical strength , optical properties and thermal conductivity , but also at 650 ℃ no longer applicable , for this would lead to oxidation and graphitization . Many oxides can not be used because severe thermal shock and stress can cause the material oxide atoms multi-photon absorption.It can be used to make high speed missile fairing only yttrium oxide material,spinel, aluminum nitride, alumina, sapphire and so on. Sapphire Single crystal as an excellent wave-transparent materials in the ultraviolet,visible,infrared,microwave waves have good penetration rate , to meet the multi-mode combined guidance(TV,infrared imaging,radar,etc.)requirements;also has a sapphire crystal excellent mechanical properties,chemical stability, high temperature resistance , high strength , hardness, can meet hypersonic missile wave-transparent materials for the demanding requirements.Preparation of the material aspects of sapphire single crystal can be grown,and then molding , product performance and performance of the same single crystal and other materials using mainly hot casting powder sintering , and its performance to be slightly lower than the original.Therefore, sapphire has become advanced national high-speed fighter aircraft, missiles and other medium-wave infrared transparent window material an excellent choice . United States, Britain,Russia,Israel and other military powers are struggling to carry out large-size sapphire infrared window studies,and has been implemented.Now ¢ 300-500mm ¢ 120mm sapphire crystal or sapphire hemispherical dome above preparation capabilities , used in the United States series Aim-9X Sidewinder air to air missiles , the South African A-Darter air missiles, the Israeli Python-4 air to air missiles, advanced English Asraam close air to air missiles. Sapphire window with excellent performance as a wide-band optical materials optoelectronic devices for military applications, the time is not very long. In the 1960s, the U.S. military has this despite the research, but the real sapphire window for a larger range of applications and development in the 1980s , which is computer-controlled optical processing machine development are closely related . Recently, in some reports , we can see some very specific applications .For example in 2001 , the U.S. Army has ordered the direction of Exotic photoelectric Branch 88 sapphire window , equipped with F-16 fighter airborne navigation pod FLIR target . 2000 Thales UK signed a $ 33 million photoelectron photoelectric mast contract to produce six CM010 Optronic Mast.CM010 photoelectric mast all with sapphire crystal viewing window . U.S. new generation fighter.F-35 Joint Strike Fighter optical tracking system (Electro-Optical Targeting System, EOTS) window consists of seven sapphire wafer surface coating composition , which provides 360-degree omni-directional vision. Figure 6 shows the F-16, F-35 fighter jets and optical tracking system sapphire windows.
Over the next 200 years , people were Infrared Physics , infrared optical materials, infrared optical systems, infrared detector , infrared spectroscopy and related applications for exploration and research , in which the background research for military purposes is undoubtedly bear the brunt. For example, the mid- 1950s , the infrared -guided air- point sources - air missile was born , this is the famous American "Sidewinder" missiles;1960s developed airborne infrared scanners, looking infrared equipment and the early space infrared instruments ; 1970s emerged common components infrared camera , infrared warning systems and spaceborne infrared instrument more space ; 1980s development of FPA -based infrared infrared military equipment and space reconnaissance,early warning technology . Recently, the infrared technology has been successfully used not only in the field of full play to its advantages , will be more effectively applied to the rapid development of optoelectronic countermeasures,optical communications and directed energy weapons . In the future new combat forms and characteristics,the various fighters, missiles are increasingly high speed, in order to improve their offensive and penetration ability . The fourth -generation fighter aircraft can cruise at supersonic speed , next-generation air - air combat missiles , cruise speeds of up to 3 ~ 5Ma. Meanwhile, in severe electrical interference conditions, in order to improve the sensitivity and anti-jamming capability missiles , guided way gradually to a variety of guided modes composite ( TV , infrared imaging , radar , etc.)development.Therefore, in order to achieve future fighter aircraft, missiles, high-speed,multi-mode combined guidance , and its infrared detectors infrared transparent window material properties should meet the following basic requirements.

Sapphire Substrate In Microelectronics Substrate

sapphire substrate body

GaN Epitaxial Semiconductor Substrate Body

Conventional silicon and gallium arsenide semiconductor materials were first-generation and second -generation representatives to promote the development of their microelectronics, photonics technology development , as a basis of the information technology has brought tremendous change people's lives.However, the performance limitations of the material itself , the first and second generations of semiconductor material can only work in an environment below 200 ℃ , and anti-radiation, high voltage breakdown performance and so can not meet the development of modern electronic technology for high-temperature , high-power , high-frequency , high-pressure and anti-radiation, capable of emitting blue new requirements. In this case , the choice of materials, new electronic devices launched the third generation of semiconductors, GaN and SiC wide bandgap semiconductor materials become the representative of the third generation.In the third -generation semiconductors,GaN materials, more and more people 's attention. GaN has many advantages: the band gap , high electron saturation velocity , good thermal conductivity, high breakdown electric field , low dielectric constant , good thermal stability , chemical stability . Thus, the third -generation semiconductor material properties will eventually cause them to be in the aerospace, exploration , nuclear energy development , satellite, communications, automotive engines, displays, new light source , laser printing, memory, and other fields have broad application prospects . As early as the 1970s, people began to explore the GaN growth process , but due to technical limitations material growth can not get high-quality GaN crystal. With the growth of technology development , has appeared in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and other new methods, which greatly promoted the research on GaN . Sapphire crystal as a substrate material, the GaN crystal has the same structure, with a high temperature chemical stability , thermal properties, and is easy to obtain large size and relatively cheap, etc. , although there is a big GaN lattice mismatch . With the growth of technology continues to improve , has been able to produce a quality epitaxy on sapphire
GaN crystal,( 0001 ) plane of the sapphire wafer has a practical application of the most desirable substrate material .

SOS Microelectronic Circuits

SOS (Silicon on Sapphire) microelectronic circuits , refers to the sapphire wafer ( 1-102 ) plane of a layer of a silicon single crystal grown by heteroepitaxial film , and then the silicon single crystal film technology for fabricating a semiconductor device . SOS microelectronic circuits due to having high speed, low power consumption and anti- radiation,etc.,so the watch type mobile phone , desktop or laptop computers, high-speed, high-frequency radio communications, small satellites , spacecraft , and the development of the space shuttle have a particularly important application . Sapphire and silicon have similar thermal expansion coefficient. In the ( 1-102 ) plane of the sapphire wafer and, using hetero-epitaxially grown layer method
( 100 ) plane of the silicon single crystal film , and then the silicon single crystal film fabricating a semiconductor device . Sapphire crystal structural integrity of the substrate is to guarantee access to the structural integrity of the main conditions for silicon single crystal film .

ZnO,InN,And Other Epitaxial Film Substrate Body

Temperature band gap of ZnO 3.37eV, corresponding to ultraviolet light for direct bandgap wurtzite structure Ⅱ - Ⅵ semiconductor crystals with similar semiconductor GaN, ZnS , compared , ZnO has higher exciton binding energy , and its value of 60meV, can greatly reduce the low temperature lasing threshold. Thus ZnO at room temperature or higher temperatures are expected to achieve the exciton gain, thus the low threshold to obtain short-wavelength lasers applications . Since the implementation of ZnO UV optically pumped lasing at room temperature after.

The growth of ZnO single crystal thin film , p-type doping research worldwide attracted the attention of many research groups . Sapphire by low cost and high crystal ZnO has been widely used as a substrate epitaxial layer .
In Ⅲ - Ⅴ nitride in , InN is attracting more and more attention . And GaN, AlN , compared , InN Has the smallest effective mass , in theory, has the highest carrier mobility , so that it is in high-speed micro Electronic devices has a broad application prospects. While Ⅲ - Ⅴ nitride , it also has the smallest
Direct band gap , and its value is about 0.8eV , which makes Ⅲ - Ⅴ nitride AlN emission wavelength from the ultraviolet (6.2eV) extending into the infrared region of InN (0.8eV), a light emitting device prepared in a suitable materials . However, preparation of InN single crystal is very difficult , so far people InN research is still in the initial stage , in foreign countries , Masuoka and others with MOVPE method on sapphire substrates have been the first successful single-crystal InN epitaxial film . In China, Xiao Hongling , who use radio frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE) method on sapphire substrate obtained crystals of good quality single crystal InN epitaxial film . Superconducting thin films such as YBa2Cu3O7 - δ (YBCO) of the microwave surface resistance Rs than conventional metal materials several orders of magnitude , can be used to design high-performance passive microwave devices, such as filters , resonators , delay lines . Sapphire crystal dielectric constant , low dielectric loss , microwave performance, mechanical strength, and thermal conductivity is high , the substrate is LaAlO3.

More than 20 times . Large areas of industrial production of sapphire single crystal materials have been relatively inexpensive price , and therefore is a good substrate material . As the ferroelectric substrate material : used ferroelectric memory , spatial light modulators, optical switches, etc. ferroelectric random access memory , infrared detectors , drive, optical modulators, displays , etc., with excellent performance compelling and use value.

Sapphire crystal as a substrate material , the demand on the international market is getting bigger, while the crystal quality and size requirements are also rising .