Tungsten Alloy Prefabricated Fragments

Tungsten Alloy Prefabricated Fragments

What is Fragmentation Warhead?

Fragmentation warhead is one of the main types of warheads, mainly by the role of high-energy explosives, the formation of a large number of high-speed fragments, using high-speed hitting the fragments, the role of ignition and detonation damage targets, and can be used for anti-effectives (human, animal), no armor or light armored vehicles, aircraft, radar and missiles and other weapons and equipment. According to the generation of fragments channels, fragmentation warhead can be divided into natural, pre-control and pre-fragmented warhead three types.

Tungsten Cubes/Balls Used as Prefabricated Fragments

Primary fragments are formed as a result of the shattering of the casing of conventional munitions. Tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments usually are small and travel initially at velocities of the order of thousands of feet per second. Secondary tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments are formed as a result of high blast pressures on structural components and items in close proximity to the explosion. These prefabricated fragments are somewhat larger than primary fragments and travel initially at velocities in the order of hundreds of feet per second. A hazardous prefabricated fragment is one having an impact energy of 58 ft-lb (79 joules) or greater. Tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments forming a pre-processing will be the shape and quality of pre-designed steel ball, steel arrows, tungsten ball/tungsten sphere, and tungsten prefabricated column fragments produced prefabricated sets of body fragments, and installed in the grenade projectile outer surface or inner surface. These prefabricated projectile fragmentation grenade explosion with the formation of fragments together constitute the natural fragmentation field, due to resistance of prefabricated fragments flying characteristic consistency, with tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments of the grenade will be set within the framework of the lethal effect of a relatively dense, full-bombs a greater degree of lethality increase.

Tungsten heavy alloys usually consist of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloy also contain added cobalt (Co), etc. The most important property for tungsten alloy cube is its small volume and high density. The most important property for tungsten alloy cube is its small volume and high density. This allows it to be used whenever small but heavy parts are necessary, such as prefabricated fragments for military purposes.

Because prefabricated fragments will affect the negative effects of missile body structures, usually only in low-pressure chamber which uses artillery and ammunition, such as the forced large-caliber bullets and grenades. Applications also are the most common aircraft shells, grenades, mines and so on. The current high chamber pressure tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments artillery, are used in canister form, such as Switzerland, L70-type 40 mm grenade where overhead is filled with tungsten carbide ball. Tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments technology has been widely used on all types of warheads. Cylindrical fragments (tungsten column) are also often used as a type of tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments. Due to high density, armor-piercing capability tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments are widely used for military purposes.

Tungsten Alloy Cubes for Military Defense

Tungsten Alloy Cubes for Military Defense

The Advantages of Tungsten Alloy Cubes for Military Defense

With its high density, tungsten alloy is the ideal metal for military defense. Tungsten is non-toxic and environmentally friendly material. Tungsten alloy cubes for military defense can easily replace lead in most cases.

Having more concentrated weight means having more control to achieve the center of mass that you are targeting. Owing to its great hardness and resistance to high temperature, tungsten has been increasingly adopted in military defense increasingly today. We can offer tungsten alloy cubes for military defense in various sizes. We offer the tungsten cubes, rod, ball, cylinder, block, etc. for military usage, such as bombs, armor-piercing bullet, etc. We welcome the opportunity to cooperate with our customers in the design of individual specifications. Our mission is to meet individual customer requirements. Flexibility is our strength and we pride ourselves on being able to find the right solution for every customer.

Advantage of Tungsten Alloy Cubes for Military Defense:

1, High-density
2, High absorption capacity against X-rays and gamma rays
3, Good modulus of elasticity
4, High hardness
5, Environment protection standard

Tungsten Alloy Cubes Product Physical Properties

Grade	Physical and Mechanical Properties
	Density(g/cm3)	Hardness(HRC)	Tensile Strengh(MPa)	Elongation(%)	Toughness(MJ/m2)
W273	17.10±0.15	≥23	≥900	≥24	≥1.30
W263	17.25±0.15	≥23	≥900	≥23	≥1.20
W253	17.40±0.15	≥24	≥900	≥22	≥1.10
W243	17.60±0.15	≥24	≥920	≥20	≥0.90
W232	18.10±0.15	≥25	≥920	≥14	≥0.45
W231	18.30±0.15	≥26	≥920	≥12	≥0.30
W221	18.50±0.15	≥27	≥920	≥10	≥0.22
WNiCu	16.10-18.50	≥22	≥450	2-8	-

Tungsten Prefabricated Fragments

Tungsten Prefabricated Fragments

Fragmentation Damage Warhead's Mechanism and Characteristic

Fragmentation warhead is one of the main types of warheads, mainly by the role of high-energy explosives, the formation of a large number of high-speed fragments, using high-speed hitting the tungsten prefabricated fragments, the role of ignition and detonation damage targets, and can be used for anti-effectives (human, animal), no armor or light armored vehicles, aircraft, radar and missiles and other weapons and equipment. According to the generation of fragments channels, fragmentation warhead can be divided into natural, pre-control and pre-fragmented warhead three types.

Tungsten prefabricated fragments are natural under detonation. Tungsten alloy ball, the shell expansion, fracture broken of such warheads is characterized not only as a container shell to form another anti-elements, fragments the size of the uneven, irregular shape in the air fast decay in flight speed, so that the effective anti-personnel grenade is limited in scope. Usually, tungsten prefabricated fragments made from tungsten alloy ball. We can provide different sizes of tungsten alloy balls in accordance with your requirements.

Pre-control use of shell fragments groove, groove or increase the lining of explosives and other technical measures to make the shell partial reduction of the intensity to control the explosion of the broken parts to form fragments. Such warheads are characterized by the formation of uniform fragment size and shape. Tungsten alloy ball is one among our leading products.

Tungsten prefabricated fragments forming pre-processing will be the shape and quality of pre-designed tungsten alloy ball, steel arrows, tungsten alloy ball, tungsten alloy ball and other prefabricated column fragments produced prefabricated sets of body fragments and installed in the grenade projectile outer surface or inner surface. Tungsten alloy ball prefabricated projectile fragmentation grenade explosion with the formation of fragments together constitute the natural fragmentation field, due to resistance of tungsten prefabricated fragments flying characteristic consistency, with tungsten prefabricated fragments of the grenade will be set within the framework of the lethal effect of a relatively dense, full-bombs a greater degree of lethality increase.

Because there is a tungsten prefabricated fragments will affect the negative effects of missile body structures, usually only in low-pressure chamber which uses artillery and ammunition, such as the forced large-caliber bullets and grenades. Applications also are the most common aircraft shells, grenades, mines and so on. The current high chamber pressure prefabricated artillery fragments, are used in canister form, such as Switzerland, L70-type 40 mm grenade where overhead is filled with tungsten alloy ball. Tungsten prefabricated fragments technology has been widely used on all types of warheads. Cylindrical fragments (Tungsten column) as a type of tungsten prefabricated fragments, due to high density, armor-piercing capability, as air defense, anti-radiation, anti-surface, one of the main anti-elements, and widely used.

Tungsten Alloy Ball for Prefabricated Fragments

Tungsten Alloy Ball
Specification: Φ2mm-Φ100mm
Density: ≤18.5g/cm³
Application: High density tungsten alloy ball usually use as prefabricated fragment in ammunition.

Tungsten Prefabricated Fragments Physical and Mechanical Properties

Brands	Physical and Mechanical Properties
	Density g/cm³	Hardness HRC	Tensile strength	Elongation %	Toughness MJ/m²
W263H	17.25±0.15	≥35	≥1050 MPa	≥8	≥0.3
W253H	17.40±0.15	≥35	≥1050 MPa	≥8	≥0.3
W243H	17.60±0.15	≥35	≥1050 MPa	≥7	≥0.3
W232H	18.10±0.15	≥37	≥1050 MPa	≥6	≥0.1
W231H	18.30±0.15	≥37	≥1050 MPa	≥3	≥0.1
W221H	18.50±0.15	≥37	≥1050 MPa	≥2	≥0.07
W243H	17.60±0.15	≥40	≥1300 MPa	≥6	≥0.15
W232E	18.10±0.15	≥40	≥1300 MPa	≥6	≥0.15
W273	17.10±0.15	≥23	≥900 MPa	≥24	≥1.30
W263	17.25±0.15	≥23	≥900 MPa	≥23	≥1.20
W253	17.40±0.15	≥24	≥900 MPa	≥22	≥1.10
W243	17.60±0.15	≥24	≥920 MPa	≥20	≥0.90
W232	18.10±0.15	≥25	≥920 MPa	≥14	≥0.45
W231	18.30±0.15	≥26	≥920 MPa	≥12	≥0.30
W221	18.50±0.15	≥27	≥920 MPa	≥10	≥0.22
WNiCu	16.00-18.50	≥22	≥450 MPa	2-8	/

Tungsten Kinetic Energy Penetrator

Tungsten Kinetic Energy Penetrator

What is Tungsten Kinetic Energy Penetrator?

Tungsten kinetic energy penetrator (also known as a KE weapon) is a type of ammunition that, like a bullet, does not contain explosives and uses kinetic energy to penetrate the target.

The opposite technique to tungsten kinetic energy penetrator uses chemical energy penetrators. There are two types of these shells in use: high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) and high explosive squash head (HESH). They have been widely used against armor in the past and still have a role but are less effective against modern composite armor such as Chobham as used on main battle tanks today.

The principle of the tungsten kinetic energy penetrator is that it uses its kinetic energy, which is a function of mass and velocity, to force its way through armor. The modern KE weapon maximizes KE and minimizes the area over which it is delivered by:
being fired with a very high muzzle velocity
concentrating the force in a small impact area while still retaining a relatively large mass
maximizing the mass of whatever (albeit small) volume is occupied by the projectile—that is, using the densest metals practical, which is one of the reasons depleted uranium is often used.

Tungsten kinetic energy penetrator has led to the current designs that resemble a long metal arrow.

Concentration of force into a smaller area was attained by replacing the single metal (usually steel) shot with a composite shot using two metals, a heavy core (based on tungsten) inside a lighter metal outer shell. These designs were known as Armor Piercing Composite Rigid (APCR). On impact, the core had a much more concentrated effect than plain metal shot of the same weight and size.

To maximize the amount of kinetic energy released on the target, the penetrator must be made of a dense material, such as tungsten carbide or depleted uranium (DU) alloy (Stab alloy). The hardness of the penetrator is of less importance, but is still a factor as abrasion is a major component of the penetrator defeat mechanism. A common misconception is that, during impact, fractures along these bands cause the tip of the penetrator to continuously shed material, maintaining the tip's conical shape, whereas other materials such as unjacketed tungsten tend to deform into a less effective rounded profile, an effect called "mushrooming". Actually, the formation of adiabatic shear bands means that the sides of the "mushroom" tend to break away earlier, leading to a smaller head on impact, though it will still be significantly "mushroomed". Tests have shown that the hole bored by a DU projectile is of a narrower diameter than for a similar tungsten projectile. That is one of the reasons why tungsten kinetic energy penetrator is better than the DU it is.

Tungsten Armor Piercing History

Tungsten Armor Piercing History

First World War Era

Tungsten armor piercing shells for tank guns, although used by most forces of this period, were not used by the British. The only British APHE projectile was the AP, Mk1 for the 2 pdr anti-tank gun and this was dropped as the product was found that the fuse tended to separate from the body during penetration. Even when the fuse didn't separate and the system functioned correctly, damage to the interior was little different from the solid shot, and so did not warrant the additional time and cost of producing a shell version. APHE projectiles of this period used a bursting charge of about 1-3% of the weight of the complete projectile, the filling detonated by a rear mounted delay fuse. The explosive used in APHE projectiles needs to be highly insensitive to shock to prevent premature detonation. The US forces normally used the Explosive D, otherwise known as ammonium pirate, for this purpose. Other combatant forces of the period used various explosives, suitability desensitized (usually by the use of waxes mixed with the explosive).

Shot and shell used prior to and during World War I were generally cast from special chromium (stainless) steel that was melted in pots. They were forged into shape afterward and then thoroughly annealed, the core bored at the rear and the exterior turned up in a lathe. The projectiles were finished in a similar manner to others described above. The final, or tempering treatment, which gave the required hardness/toughness profile (differential hardening) to the projectile body, was a closely guarded secret.

The rear cavity of these projectiles was capable of receiving a small bursting charge of about 2% of the weight of the complete projectile; when this is used, the projectile is called a product, not a tungsten armor piercing shot. The HE filling of the product, whether fused or unfused, had a tendency to explode on striking armor in excess of its ability to perforate.

Second World War

During WWII, projectiles used highly alloyed steels containing nickel-chromium-molybdenum, although in Germany, this had to be changed to a silicon-manganese-chromium-based alloy when those grades became scarce. The latter alloy, although able to be hardened to the same level, was more brittle and had a tendency to shatter on striking highly sloped armor. The shattered shot lowered penetration, or resulted in total penetration failure; for tungsten armor piercing high-explosive (APHE) projectiles, this could result in premature detonation of the HE filling. Highly advanced and precise methods of differentially hardening the projectile were developed during this period, especially by the German armament industry. The resulting projectiles gradually change from high hardness (low toughness) at the head to high toughness (low hardness) at the rear and were much less likely to fail on impact.

British Naval 15-inch Capped Tungsten Armor Piercing Shell, 1943

"Armor-Piercing Capped (APC)" and "Armor-Piercing Capped Ballistic Capped (APCBC)".

Early WWII-era uncapped AP projectiles fired from high-velocity guns were able to penetrate about twice their caliber at close range (100 m). At longer ranges (500-1,000 m), this dropped 1.5-1.1 calibers due to the poor ballistic shape and higher drag of the smaller-diameter early projectiles. Later in the conflict, APCBC fired at close range (100 m) from large-caliber, high-velocity guns (75-128 mm) were able to penetrate a much greater thickness of armor in relation to their caliber (2.5 times) and also a greater thickness (2-1.75 times) at longer ranges (1,500-2,000 m).

Modern Day

Tungsten Armor Piercing Shot

Tungsten armor piercing "shot" for cannons tend to combine some form of incendiary capability with that of armor-penetration. The incendiary compound is normally contained between the cap and penetrating nose, within a hollow at the rear, or a combination of both. If the projectile also uses a tracer, the rear cavity is often used to house the tracer compound. For larger-caliber projectiles, the tracer may instead be contained within an extension of the rear sealing plug. Common abbreviations for solid (non-composite/hardcore) cannon-fired shot are; AP, AP-T, API and API-T; where T stands for "tracer" and I for "incendiary".

Tungsten Armor Piercing Shells

Tungsten armor piercing shells in the classic form are not common in modern guns, though they may be found in the larger (40-57 mm) weapons, especially it of Russian or Soviet-era descent. Modern guns instead fire semi-armor-piercing high-explosive (SAPHE) shells, which have less anti-armor capability, but far greater anti-materiel/personnel effects. The modern SAPHE projectiles still have a ballistic cap; hardened body and base fuse, but tend to have a far thinner body material and higher explosive content (4-15%). Common abbreviations for modern AP and SAP shells are: HEI (BF), SAPHE, SAPHEI and SAPHEI-T.

Most modern active protection systems (APS) are unlikely to be able to defeat full-caliber AP rounds fired from a large-caliber tank gun. The APS can defeat the two most common anti-armor projectiles in use today: HEAT and APFSDS. The defeat of HEAT projectiles is accomplished through damage/detonation of the HE filling or damage to the shaped charge liner and/or fusing system, and defeat of APFSDS projectiles is accomplished by inducing yaw/pitch and/or fracturing of the rod. Due to the AP shot/shell's high mass, rigidity, short overall length, and thick body, tungsten armor piercing are hardly affected by the defeat methods employed by APS systems (fragmentation warheads or projected plates).

Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for Armor Piercing

Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for Armor Piercing

Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod Grades under Transient High Heat Loads

Transient high heat loads simulations by using the electron beam facility have been performed on two tungsten heavy alloy swaging rod grades at several power loads with a pulse duration of 5 ms. The cracking patterns of the two tungsten heavy alloy swaging rod grades are quite similar. All cracks occurred along the grain boundary and located across the loaded area. The cracks can be distinguished with two levels, major cracks with larger crack width but lower crack density and microcracks with smaller crack width but higher crack density. The higher the deformation level of tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing and heat loading power density, the smaller the major crack density will be, but there is no obvious difference in the microcracks pattern. No melting occurred for both tungsten alloy swaging rod grades after transient heat loading at power density of 0.88 GW m−2.

Types of Tungsten Alloy Swaging Rod for Armor Piercing Projectile Introduction

Tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile which is made of tungsten alloy comprising a high density penetrator core with a tapered front end and a multi-part outer case in partial contact with the core. This kind of armor piercing projectile will not penetrate because the multi-part jointed case is not as strong as a single-piece, monolithic case. Also, since the hard core is loose and not bonded to the case, then the core can not provide additional structural support. In addition, tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile does not have the ability to either explosively damage the target after penetration, or take data from an instrumentation package during or after penetration.

"Hollow-point" design results in radial expansion of the jacket into "petals" as the tungsten alloy swaging rod travels through the target. Such "flowering" of the case upon impact severely limits the depth of penetration into hardened targets.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile comprising a heavy metal core and a segmented sabot with both right-handed and left-handed threads that separates from the core after exiting the gun's nozzle. It will not penetrate deeply because the nose end is made of a brittle heavy metal alloy, rather than high-strength steel. Also, it requires the use of a discarding sabot carrier.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile with a speculating core comprising an elongated arrow style it is of a core surrounded by a body, where the hardness of the core is greater than twice the hardness of the body. The outer case is made out of tungsten alloy swaging rod. The brittle behavior of these alloys will prevent this from achieving deep penetration in hardened targets, when compared to cases made of high-strength and high-toughness steel alloys. Tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing is our leader products. We can provide different sizes of it according as your requirements.

Armor Piercing Bullets for Military

Armor Piercing Bullets for Military

Introduction of Tungsten Alloy Armor Piercing Bullet

Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullet relying on the kinetic energy of the projectile, penetrates armor and destroys the target. Its characteristic is high velocity, long hitting the distance and good accuracy. It used for mutilate tanks, self-propelled guns, armored vehicles, ships, aircraft, or any other armored target.

Tungsten alloy armor piercing shell is a type of ammunition designed to penetrate armor and detonate. They are generally used against body armor, vehicle armor, tanks and other defenses, depending on the caliber of the firearms.

Shells of bullets designed for this purpose have a greatly strengthened case with a specially hardened and shaped nose and a much smaller bursting charge. Some smaller caliber tungsten alloy armor piercing shells have an inert filling, or incendiary charge in place of the HE bursting charge.

The Theory of Tungsten Alloy Armor Piercing Bullets

Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets are famous for their ability to penetrate target. It is mostly because large kinetic energy and their high tensile strength focused on the target. The bullets are made from the high-density tungsten alloy that is much harder than most armor. All have very hard warheads. Tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets can be used against tanks, armored vehicles and concrete fortifications. When fired, bullets are under the high-temperature, high-pressure gas. Reach the target; it will make a pit in the surface of the armor, red out the armor and the pit bottom at the same time. At this time, although the head has been broken, missile force the powerful impact of inertia, it will continue onrush. When the impact force reaches a certain value, the fuse is triggered; it caused the explosion of the projectile charge. At this time, exploding charge will create tons of pressure per square centimeter in area, killing the crew inside the tank or destroying armored weapons.

How does Tungsten Alloy Armor Piercing Bullets Work?

The most widely used tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets in the world are made of a hardened steel, tungsten alloy, tungsten-carbide, or depleted uranium penetrator enclosed within a softer material, such as copper or aluminum. Tungsten alloy rounds, for instance, take advantage of their high-density material, designed to retain its shape and carry the maximum possible amount of energy as deep as possible into the target.

The tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets fired from rifles are strengthened with a copper or cuprous-nickel jacket, much like the jacket that surrounds lead in a conventional projectile, a jacket which is destroyed upon impact to allow the penetrating charge to continue its movement through the targeted substance.

One of the most famous types of tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets used in the past was the Teflon-coated bullets. Contrary to popular belief, the Teflon coating did not in itself help the bullet penetrate deeper, instead it was meant to help reduce the wear on the barrel after firing hardened projectiles. The strange fact is that this misconception even produced laws that lead to the restricted use of these bullets, eventually leading to their extinction.

The famous example of such a blunder was the assassination attempt on US President Ronald Reagan that took place on March 30, 1981. Then, the shooter used a bullet with a normal revolver, which actually deprived the bullet of its ability, contributing to the bullet missing the heart by less than one inch and piercing his left lung instead, which likely spared his life.

What most people do not realize, is that it is not enough to use tungsten alloy for armor piercing, you must use modified barrel, in order to take advantage of the bullet's piercing abilities.